My short and quick answer is yes, you can get too many links in a short amount of time, but only if it's the WRONG kind, will they hurt you. You'll still attract attention, but just like your webpages, can you're back Link profile pass human scrutiny?
A long and detailed answer would be best covered in a blog post, (thanks for the idea) but I'll try to answer quickly...
If you buy a few sitewide links and suddenly have thousands or tens of thousands of links, and you'll certainly attract attention.
If you quickly obtain an astronomical amount of links in a way that is "acceptable", through adding great content, creating link bait, having other sites and blogs writing about and linking to your site, attracting social media visitors through Digg, Delicious, Stumbeupon etc. who in turn write more blog posts and link to you because they are your fan base, that's just great, but you'll still attract attention.
Once that attention is focused on you, some human analysis will undoubtedly be done by the Google to determine what you've done to garner all these fans, and a decision will be made.
So, in my opinion, if if what you're doing is legitimate then you can't get too many links. On the other hand if what you're doing is sort of black hat, then yes stay under the radar and sneak up on your competition instead of pouncing on them.
PS, in your case I don't think your numbers are a problem regardless of how you're getting them, but look at the back link numbers of the leaders in your industry. My opinion is that if you're closing on them in ranking, (and I know this sounds ridiculous to some seo's) that it might be time to back off or slow down a bit, and save your future link building for when you need it.